Smart Environmental Monitoring System
Objective:
To build an environmental monitoring system that can track water quality, air pollution, motion, and obstacles in real-time using various sensors. The system can be deployed both in water bodies and in urban areas to detect pollution, monitor changes in the environment, and provide real-time data to improve urban planning and environmental conservation.
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Key Components & Purpose:
1. Water Level Sensor:
- Purpose: Measure water levels in rivers, oceans, or urban drainage systems to monitor for flooding or drought conditions.
2. Temperature Sensor:
- Purpose: Track environmental or water temperatures, which is vital for climate monitoring and water ecosystem health.
3. Fire Sensor:
- Purpose: Detect any fire hazards, especially in dry or forested areas. It can help in early wildfire detection.
4. Obstacle Sensor:
- Purpose: Used in autonomous navigation for robots to avoid obstacles in water or urban environments.
5. MQ2 Gas Sensor:
- Purpose: Detect gas leaks or measure air quality (e.g., carbon monoxide or methane), ensuring safety in urban areas.
6. Motion Sensor:
- Purpose: Monitor human or animal movement in specific areas, such as near industrial sites or in marine environments.
7. IR Sensor:
- Purpose: Used for proximity sensing, which can be helpful in detecting objects in front of the robot or monitoring water surface debris.
8. Light Sensor:
- Purpose: Measure light intensity, useful in monitoring conditions in underwater or heavily polluted urban areas.
9. Micro SD Card Module:
- Purpose: Store data logs locally, which can be later retrieved for detailed analysis.
10. Arduino Nano / Arduino UNO:
- Purpose: Act as the main control unit to process data from all sensors and communicate with other modules.
11. Powerbank Sensor:
- Purpose: Monitor power consumption and ensure uninterrupted operation of the system using power banks.
12. Solar Panel:
- Purpose: Provide renewable energy to power the system, especially when deployed in remote locations or on water surfaces.
13. Power Bank Module:
- Purpose: Store energy from the solar panel to power the system when solar energy is not available (e.g., at night).
14. DC Voltage Meter:
- Purpose: Monitor the system's energy usage, allowing for optimization of power consumption.
15. Battery (x3):
- Purpose: Provide backup power for the system when the solar panel is not enough.
16. Servo:
- Purpose: Control mechanical movement, such as rotating a camera or moving parts of the robot to adjust sensors.
17. Lights/Buzzers:
- Purpose: Act as indicators or alerts in case of hazardous conditions, like gas leaks or fires.
18. Breadboard:
- Purpose: Facilitate prototyping by allowing easy connections between components.
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Additional Components (Optional):
1. Moisture Sensor:
- Purpose: Monitor soil moisture, which can be useful for urban greenery, parks, or even coastal regions.
2. pH Sensor:
- Purpose: Track water acidity levels, crucial for monitoring pollution and marine health in the oceans or rivers near Busan.
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Design Overview:
- System Layout:
- The system consists of two primary setups: one designed for monitoring water bodies (rivers, lakes, oceans) and one designed for urban areas.
- The water monitoring unit would include the water level sensor, temperature sensor, MQ2 gas sensor, and pH sensor, along with the solar panel for power.
- The urban monitoring unit would include the fire sensor, motion sensor, and obstacle sensor to navigate around city streets or parks, while monitoring air pollution and fire hazards.
- Data Logging & Communication:
- Each unit will be equipped with the Micro SD Card module to log sensor data locally.
- Optionally, a wireless communication module (e.g., LoRa or GSM) can be added for real-time data transmission to a cloud server, allowing remote monitoring.
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Operation:
1. Real-time Data Collection:
- The system will collect real-time data on water levels, temperature, gas concentration, and motion.
- The data is processed using the Arduino controllers and stored locally on the SD card for future analysis or transmitted wirelessly to a central server.
2. Alert Mechanism:
- In the event of an abnormal reading (e.g., high gas levels, fire detection, or rapid water level rise), the system will trigger lights/buzzers as an alert.
- Optionally, the system can send alerts to a remote monitoring station using GSM or WiFi modules.
3. Energy Management:
- Solar panels will provide continuous power during the day, while power banks and batteries will ensure that the system runs through the night or during periods of low sunlight.
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Potential Applications:
- Busan Coastal Monitoring:
- Deploying this system in coastal areas can provide valuable data on water pollution, temperature changes, and marine conditions.
- Urban Waste Management:
- The system can monitor air quality and fire hazards in industrial areas, providing real-time feedback to the city authorities.
- Educational Use:
- The project can serve as a practical example of environmental science and robotics for students, offering hands-on experience in how technology can solve real-world problems.
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Future Expansion:
- Integrating AI for predictive analysis (e.g., predicting flood risks based on water levels).
- Expanding sensor arrays to monitor more environmental parameters like humidity, sound levels, and turbidity in water.
- Building a mobile app to visualize data in real-time for city officials, researchers, or citizens.
Code:
// Include necessary libraries
#include <SD.h> // For Micro SD card module
#include <SPI.h> // For SD card communication
#include <DHT.h> // For temperature and humidity sensor
#include <Servo.h> // For controlling the servo motor
// Define sensor pins
#define WATER_LEVEL_PIN A0 // Analog pin for water level sensor
#define TEMPERATURE_PIN A1 // Analog pin for temperature sensor
#define MQ2_PIN A2 // Analog pin for gas sensor (MQ2)
#define LIGHT_SENSOR_PIN A3 // Analog pin for light sensor
#define OBSTACLE_SENSOR_PIN 2 // Digital pin for obstacle sensor
#define FIRE_SENSOR_PIN 3 // Digital pin for fire sensor
#define MOTION_SENSOR_PIN 4 // Digital pin for motion sensor
#define IR_SENSOR_PIN 5 // Digital pin for IR sensor
#define BUZZER_PIN 8 // Digital pin for buzzer or alarm
#define LED_PIN 9 // Digital pin for LED indicator
#define SERVO_PIN 10 // PWM pin for Servo motor
// SD card configuration
#define SD_CS_PIN 10 // Chip select pin for the SD card module
// Initialize Servo
Servo myServo;
// DHT sensor settings (for Temperature & Humidity)
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(TEMPERATURE_PIN, DHTTYPE);
// Variables for storing sensor data
int waterLevel = 0;
float temperature = 0.0;
int gasLevel = 0;
int lightLevel = 0;
int fireStatus = 0;
int motionStatus = 0;
int obstacleStatus = 0;
int irStatus = 0;
// Variables for power management
bool powerStatus = true;
int batteryLevel = 100; // Example: 100% charge initially
// Initialize SD card file
File dataFile;
// Setup function
void setup() {
// Begin Serial communication
Serial.begin(9600);
// Initialize sensors and SD card module
dht.begin();
myServo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
if (!SD.begin(SD_CS_PIN)) {
Serial.println("SD Card initialization failed!");
return;
}
Serial.println("SD Card initialized.");
// Setup pin modes
pinMode(WATER_LEVEL_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(TEMPERATURE_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(MQ2_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(LIGHT_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(OBSTACLE_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(FIRE_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(IR_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
// Function to read all sensors and log data
void logSensorData() {
// Read sensors
waterLevel = analogRead(WATER_LEVEL_PIN);
temperature = dht.readTemperature();
gasLevel = analogRead(MQ2_PIN);
lightLevel = analogRead(LIGHT_SENSOR_PIN);
obstacleStatus = digitalRead(OBSTACLE_SENSOR_PIN);
fireStatus = digitalRead(FIRE_SENSOR_PIN);
motionStatus = digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN);
irStatus = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR_PIN);
// Print sensor data to serial monitor
Serial.println("---- Sensor Data ----");
Serial.print("Water Level: "); Serial.println(waterLevel);
Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.println(temperature);
Serial.print("Gas Level: "); Serial.println(gasLevel);
Serial.print("Light Level: "); Serial.println(lightLevel);
Serial.print("Obstacle Status: "); Serial.println(obstacleStatus);
Serial.print("Fire Status: "); Serial.println(fireStatus);
Serial.print("Motion Status: "); Serial.println(motionStatus);
Serial.print("IR Status: "); Serial.println(irStatus);
// Store data in SD card
dataFile = SD.open("log.txt", FILE_WRITE);
if (dataFile) {
dataFile.print("Water Level: "); dataFile.println(waterLevel);
dataFile.print("Temperature: "); dataFile.println(temperature);
dataFile.print("Gas Level: "); dataFile.println(gasLevel);
dataFile.print("Light Level: "); dataFile.println(lightLevel);
dataFile.print("Obstacle Status: "); dataFile.println(obstacleStatus);
dataFile.print("Fire Status: "); dataFile.println(fireStatus);
dataFile.print("Motion Status: "); dataFile.println(motionStatus);
dataFile.print("IR Status: "); dataFile.println(irStatus);
dataFile.println("-----------------------");
dataFile.close();
} else {
Serial.println("Error opening log file!");
}
}
// Function to handle alerts (buzzer/light)
void handleAlerts() {
if (fireStatus == HIGH || gasLevel > 500 || waterLevel > 800) { // Set thresholds as per requirement
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
}
}
// Loop function
void loop() {
// Log sensor data every 5 seconds
logSensorData();
// Handle any alerts
handleAlerts();
// Adjust servo based on water level or other conditions
if (waterLevel > 600) {
myServo.write(90); // Rotate to a certain position
} else {
myServo.write(0); // Return to home position
}
// Simulate power status (can integrate with solar/power management)
batteryLevel -= 1; // Simulate battery consumption
if (batteryLevel < 20) {
powerStatus = false; // Simulate low battery
}
// Pause for 5 seconds before the next reading
delay(5000);
}
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This plan combines the components you listed with a clear framework for environmental monitoring. You can adjust or expand the system as needed based on the project's scale or specific goals for Busan or other urban settings.
Amazing Idea!
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